链表上怎么解决荷兰国旗问题呢?
1. 使用数组
把链表放在数组中,在数组中解决这个问题,然后再用链表串起来。这个做法比较容易,这里直接给出代码。
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| public class DutchNationalFlagProblemOnLinkedList1 { public static ListNode solve(ListNode head) { int i = 0; ListNode cur = head; if(head == null) return null; for(; cur != null; ++i, cur = cur.next); int[] help = new int[i]; for(cur = head, i = 0; cur != null; help[i++] = cur.val, cur = cur.next); int l = -1, r = i; i = 0; while(i < r) { if(help[i] == 0) swap(i++, ++l, help); else if(help[i] == 2) swap(--r, i, help); else ++i; } for(cur = head, i = 0; cur != null; cur.val = help[i++], cur = cur.next); return head; } static void swap(int i, int j, int[] arr) { if(i != j && arr[i] != arr[j]) { int t = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[j]; arr[j] = t; } } static class ListNode { int val; ListNode next; ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; } } }
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这样做的空间复杂度是$O(N)$,下面介绍一种更省空间的方法。
2. 原地调整
我们遍历原链表,把0,1和2分别放在一个链表里,然后把这三条链表首尾连接即可。在代码里如何创建一个链表呢?如果使用java.util.LinkedList;
的话,空间复杂度也会是$O(N)$;其实在这个题目中,表示一个链表,只需要一个首尾指针即可。如下图所示:
代码如下:
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| public class DutchNationalFlagProblemOnLinkedList2 { public static ListNode solve(ListNode head) { if(head == null) return null; ListNode head0 = null, tail0 = null, head1 = null, tail1 = null, head2 = null, tail2 = null, cur = head; while(cur != null) { if(cur.val == 0) { if(head0 == null) head0 = tail0 = cur; else tail0 = tail0.next = cur; }else if(cur.val == 1) { if(head1 == null) head1 = tail1 = cur; else tail1 = tail1.next = cur; }else { if(head2 == null) head2 = tail2 = cur; else tail2 = tail2.next = cur; } cur = cur.next; } ListNode join = tail0, ans = head0; if(join != null) { join.next = head1; if(head1 != null) join = tail1; }else { ans = head1; join = tail1; } if(join != null) join.next = head2; else ans = head2; return ans; } static class ListNode { int val; ListNode next; ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; } } }
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时间复杂度$O(N)$,空间复杂度$O(1)$。